{"id":5981,"date":"2026-02-18T08:36:44","date_gmt":"2026-02-18T08:36:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/abara.org\/?p=5981"},"modified":"2026-02-20T01:44:10","modified_gmt":"2026-02-20T01:44:10","slug":"explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/","title":{"rendered":"Explicador: Una historia de la aplicaci\u00f3n de la ley de inmigraci\u00f3n en los Estados Unidos, Parte 1 (1882-1996)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La aplicaci\u00f3n de las leyes de inmigraci\u00f3n en Estados Unidos no comenz\u00f3 con las agencias modernas ni con las pol\u00edticas posteriores al 11 de septiembre. Mucho antes de la creaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional, las leyes federales y las pr\u00e1cticas de aplicaci\u00f3n ya determinaban qui\u00e9n pod\u00eda entrar, permanecer o ser expulsado del pa\u00eds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Desde su creaci\u00f3n, el ICE ha sido la agencia federal encargada de la aplicaci\u00f3n de la ley tanto en materia de inmigraci\u00f3n como de aduanas. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aunque el ICE se cre\u00f3 tras el 11 de septiembre de 2001, en virtud de la Ley de Seguridad Nacional de 2002, sus competencias y recursos se han ampliado considerablemente, por lo que es muy importante comprender sus or\u00edgenes hist\u00f3ricos. <\/span><b>Estados Unidos tiene una historia compleja en materia de leyes de inmigraci\u00f3n. Repasemos la cronolog\u00eda:<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>En 1882<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tras la construcci\u00f3n del Ferrocarril Transcontinental en 1969, llevada a cabo principalmente por inmigrantes chinos (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.americanimmigrationcouncil.org\/report\/nae-chinese-americans\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">AIC<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), el <\/span><b>Ley de Exclusi\u00f3n China <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">prohibi\u00f3 la entrada de trabajadores chinos a los Estados Unidos durante 10 a\u00f1os, lo que supuso la primera vez que se exclu\u00eda a un grupo de personas por motivos raciales. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/chinese-exclusion-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Archivos Nacionales<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>En 1853<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, \u201c<\/span><b>\u201dLine Riders\u00bb <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eran inspectores a caballo autorizados por la Aduana de los Estados Unidos. Se encargaban de patrullar la zona fronteriza alrededor de El Paso y Nuevo M\u00e9xico, as\u00ed como la frontera entre Estados Unidos y M\u00e9xico en esa regi\u00f3n. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tshaonline.org\/handbook\/entries\/us-customs-border-patrol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TSHA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) El <\/span><b>1891<\/b> <b>Ley de Inmigraci\u00f3n <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">estableci\u00f3 el primer departamento de inmigraci\u00f3n y cre\u00f3 <\/span><b>categor\u00edas de inmigrantes excluibles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, as\u00ed como nuevos procedimientos de control fronterizo. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.govinfo.gov\/content\/pkg\/STATUTE-26\/pdf\/STATUTE-26-Pg1084-2.pdf#page=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estatuto del Congreso n.\u00ba 26<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>En 1924<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, el Congreso aprob\u00f3 la <\/span><b>Ley de Asignaciones Presupuestarias para el Trabajo de 1924<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, que estableci\u00f3 la patrulla fronteriza como parte de la Oficina de Inmigraci\u00f3n. Su objetivo era controlar el tr\u00e1fico il\u00edcito, la ocultaci\u00f3n o la ayuda a extranjeros que no hubieran sido admitidos debidamente por un inspector de inmigraci\u00f3n o que no tuvieran el derecho legal de entrar o residir en los Estados Unidos. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbp.gov\/about\/history\/1924-border-patrol-established\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CBP<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">).<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nota: Entre <\/span><\/i><b><i>1929 <\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">y <\/span><\/i><b><i>1942<\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, surgi\u00f3 una contradicci\u00f3n: la demanda econ\u00f3mica de mano de obra migrante coexist\u00eda con la imposici\u00f3n cada vez mayor de restricciones migratorias.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><b>En 1929<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, se declar\u00f3 que <\/span><b>entrar ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos era un delito menor<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Esta ley estaba dirigida espec\u00edficamente a los mexicanos. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/immigrationhistory.org\/item\/undesirable-aliens-act-of-1929-bleases-law\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IH<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>En 1942<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>se cre\u00f3 el programa Bracero<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Este programa conced\u00eda visados agr\u00edcolas temporales a los mexicanos. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/explainer-what-migrant-farmworkers-face-today\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consulte nuestra gu\u00eda informativa sobre los trabajadores agr\u00edcolas migrantes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>En 1933<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, el presidente Franklin D. Roosevelt fusion\u00f3 la Oficina de Inmigraci\u00f3n y la Oficina de Naturalizaci\u00f3n para crear el Servicio de Inmigraci\u00f3n y Naturalizaci\u00f3n. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tshaonline.org\/texas-day-by-day\/entry\/55\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TSHA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>En 1934,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> La primera Academia de la Patrulla Fronteriza abri\u00f3 sus puertas como centro de formaci\u00f3n en Camp Chigas, El Paso, en diciembre de ese a\u00f1o. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tshaonline.org\/handbook\/entries\/united-states-border-patrol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TSHA<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>En 1981<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, durante la presidencia de Ronald Reagan, una nueva <\/span><b>pol\u00edtica de detenci\u00f3n <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">se cre\u00f3 para castigar y disuadir la migraci\u00f3n latinoamericana, lo que incluye la detenci\u00f3n de solicitantes de asilo. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/outlook\/2019\/07\/19\/how-migrant-detention-became-american-policy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Washington Post<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>\u201cLas Leyes de 1996\u201d,\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El Congreso ampli\u00f3 la lista de \u201cdelitos de depravaci\u00f3n moral\u00bb para incluir delitos no violentos relacionados con drogas y otros delitos que antes se consideraban civiles, por los que tanto los inmigrantes legales como los no ciudadanos indocumentados pueden ser objeto de detenci\u00f3n obligatoria y deportaci\u00f3n. (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/illegal_immigration_reform_and_immigration_responsibility_act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LII<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La aplicaci\u00f3n de las leyes de inmigraci\u00f3n en Estados Unidos no comenz\u00f3 con agencias modernas ni pol\u00edticas posteriores al 11 de septiembre. Mucho antes de la creaci\u00f3n del Departamento de Seguridad Nacional, leyes federales y pr\u00e1cticas de aplicaci\u00f3n ya determinaban qui\u00e9n pod\u00eda entrar, permanecer o ser expulsado del pa\u00eds. Desde su creaci\u00f3n, el ICE ha sido la agencia federal responsable de la aplicaci\u00f3n...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-and-updates"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996) - Abara<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996) - Abara\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Immigration enforcement in the United States did not begin with modern agencies or post-9\/11 policies. Long before the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, federal laws and enforcement practices already determined who could enter, remain in, or be removed from the country. Since its inception, ICE has been the federal agency responsible for enforcement&hellip;\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Abara\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-18T08:36:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-20T01:44:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/abara.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1110\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"624\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"alpinist\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"alpinist\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"alpinist\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/dd5e8895240409e2054da894efacb522\"},\"headline\":\"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996)\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-18T08:36:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-20T01:44:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":442,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"News and Updates\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/\",\"name\":\"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996) - Abara\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-18T08:36:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-20T01:44:10+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/dd5e8895240409e2054da894efacb522\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/02\\\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg\",\"width\":1110,\"height\":624},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/\",\"name\":\"Abara\",\"description\":\"Belonging Beyond Borders in El Paso, TX\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/dd5e8895240409e2054da894efacb522\",\"name\":\"alpinist\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/3e282208647a05b2814811df9bf85e74146e5d37afc049eb2d7e06d243e3d57b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/3e282208647a05b2814811df9bf85e74146e5d37afc049eb2d7e06d243e3d57b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/3e282208647a05b2814811df9bf85e74146e5d37afc049eb2d7e06d243e3d57b?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"alpinist\"},\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/abara.org\\\/es\\\/author\\\/alpinist\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996) - Abara","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/","og_locale":"es_MX","og_type":"article","og_title":"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996) - Abara","og_description":"Immigration enforcement in the United States did not begin with modern agencies or post-9\/11 policies. Long before the creation of the Department of Homeland Security, federal laws and enforcement practices already determined who could enter, remain in, or be removed from the country. Since its inception, ICE has been the federal agency responsible for enforcement&hellip;","og_url":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/","og_site_name":"Abara","article_published_time":"2026-02-18T08:36:44+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-20T01:44:10+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1110,"height":624,"url":"https:\/\/abara.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"alpinist","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"alpinist","Tiempo de lectura":"3 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/"},"author":{"name":"alpinist","@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/#\/schema\/person\/dd5e8895240409e2054da894efacb522"},"headline":"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996)","datePublished":"2026-02-18T08:36:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-20T01:44:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/"},"wordCount":442,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/abara.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg","articleSection":["News and Updates"],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/","url":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/","name":"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996) - Abara","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/abara.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg","datePublished":"2026-02-18T08:36:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-20T01:44:10+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/#\/schema\/person\/dd5e8895240409e2054da894efacb522"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/abara.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/abara.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/enforcement-explainer-part-1.jpg","width":1110,"height":624},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/explainer-a-history-of-immigration-enforcement-in-the-united-states-part-1-1882-1996\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/abara.org\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Explainer: A History of Immigration Enforcement in the United States, Part 1 (1882-1996)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/abara.org\/","name":"Abara","description":"Pertenecer m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de las fronteras en El Paso, TX","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/abara.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/abara.org\/#\/schema\/person\/dd5e8895240409e2054da894efacb522","name":"alpinist","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3e282208647a05b2814811df9bf85e74146e5d37afc049eb2d7e06d243e3d57b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3e282208647a05b2814811df9bf85e74146e5d37afc049eb2d7e06d243e3d57b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3e282208647a05b2814811df9bf85e74146e5d37afc049eb2d7e06d243e3d57b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"alpinist"},"url":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/author\/alpinist\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5981\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/abara.org\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}